The researchers in the new study started with two questions:
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1) Could gut health affect thyroid function?
2) Could improving your gut health then improve your hypothyroidism?
They presented their results in a new study at the ENDO 2025 meeting of The Endocrine Society.
They focused on the small intestine (the part most active in nutrient absorption) to look for a direct connection.
The research had two parts.
In the first, scientists examined data from 49 patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (the most common cause of hypothyroidism) and 323 people without the condition.
All thyroid patients were already on medication, so their hormone levels appeared normal.
They collected fluid samples from the small intestine during upper endoscopies and used DNA sequencing to identify which bacteria were present.
In the second, they reviewed 10 years of medical records from more than one million people with hypothyroidism, comparing them to another one million without thyroid problems.
This allowed them to measure the long-term risk of developing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).
The results were striking:
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● In the first analysis, SIBO was more than twice as common in people with Hashimoto’s than in those without it (33% vs. 15%).
● These gut bacteria differences existed even when thyroid hormone levels were similar, suggesting the link isn’t just from hormone imbalance.
● People with hypothyroidism had unique bacterial profiles, including more gram-negative bacteria and higher levels of Neisseria, both tied to inflammation and infection.
● In the second analysis, those with hypothyroidism were 2.2 times more likely to develop SIBO than healthy controls.
● People with Hashimoto’s specifically had an even higher risk—2.4 times greater.
Researchers concluded that hypothyroidism and gut bacterial imbalances are closely linked, even when thyroid levels are medically controlled.
This comes as no surprise to me.
For more than two decades, I’ve helped hundreds of people to heal their hypothyroidism successfully.