Body fat often carries the blame for type 2 diabetes.
But 20% of type 2 diabetics are lean. So, how do they explain that?
Well, a new study in Nutrients doesn’t give that kind of explanation, but it reveals how one common oil can balance blood sugars in slim diabetics.
And because this solution doesn’t require weight loss, it should work for people of all body types.
Fish oil is often praised for heart health, but it may have another powerful benefit: helping non-obese diabetics control their blood sugar.
Scientists have long wondered why some diabetics develop insulin resistance despite having little body fat.
Since excess fat is usually blamed for causing inflammation that interferes with insulin function, this group has puzzled researchers for years.
A team of Brazilian scientists decided to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil could help non-obese diabetics the same way it helps overweight ones.
They studied Goto-Kakizaki rats—a special strain that naturally develops diabetes while staying slim.
The rats were divided into groups, with some receiving fish oil supplements and others not.
For eight weeks, diabetic rats received EPA and DHA-rich fish oil three times weekly. Researchers then tested their glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and immune system markers.
What they found:
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• Better Blood Sugar Control: Fish oil improves glucose tolerance, helping the body process sugar more efficiently.
• Increased Insulin Sensitivity: The rats became more responsive to insulin, reducing resistance.
• Reduced Inflammation: Blood tests showed lower levels of pro-inflammatory markers.
• Boosted Anti-Inflammatory Response: T regulatory cells and IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory molecule) increased.
• Improved Cholesterol Levels: Lower total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides.
The results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may help non-obese diabetics by shifting the immune system away from promoting inflammation.
While more human research is needed, adding omega-3-rich foods to your diet is an easy step. Fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines are the best sources.
If you don’t eat fish, walnuts, flaxseeds, and chia seeds, provide plant-based omega-3s.